MODERN HISTORY OF HAWAIʻI

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1 Anchor Standard The student demonstrates an Anchor Standard 1 Developing and Planning Inquiries Anchor Standard 2 Gathering and Evaluating Sources Anchor Standard 3 Creating Claims Anchor Standard 4 Communicating Conclusions MODERN HISTORY OF HAWAIʻI Grades 9-12 Inquiry Standards Inquiry Standard SS Create compelling questions representing key ideas of the disciplines Inquiry Standard SS Critique compelling questions that reflect an enduring issue in the field Inquiry Standard SS Create supporting questions that address key ideas identified in compelling questions Inquiry Standard SS Explain how new compelling and supporting questions emerge Inquiry Standard SS Evaluate the credibility of a source by examining its origin, author, context, content, and corroborative value Inquiry Standard SS Gather relevant information from credible sources representing a wide range of views, and note any inconsistencies in the information Inquiry Standard SS Develop claims and counterclaims using evidence that draws directly and substantively from multiple sources while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both Inquiry Standard SS Analyze evidence to detect inconsistencies within the evidence in order to revise or strengthen claims Inquiry Standard SS Construct arguments and explanations using sound reasoning, appropriate structure, and examples and details while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses Inquiry Standard SS Present arguments and explanations that reach a range of audiences using print and oral technologies (e.g., posters, essays, letters, debates, speeches, reports, maps) and digital technologies (e.g., Internet, social media, digital documentary)

2 Anchor Standard 5 Taking Informed Action Inquiry Standard SS Identify local, regional and/or global problems or issues by using interdisciplinary lenses Inquiry Standard SS Analyze the origins of a problem or issue and explain the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to address it Inquiry Standard SS Apply a range of deliberative strategies and procedures to make decisions and propose feasible solutions to address local, regional, and/or global concerns Inquiry Standard SS Create an action plan to address a solution to a problem or issue and demonstrate substantive evidence of implementation

3 Theme 1 Overthrow of Hawaiian Monarchy What makes a government legitimate? Should the majority determine the course of events? Causes of the Overthrow Content Standard SS.MHH Examine the long-term causes and triggering events, people, and ideas behind the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy Long-Term Causes: Bayonet Constitution, cultural imperialism, increasing economic dependence on U.S., Māhele, Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 Triggering Events, People, and Ideas: foreign movement against Kalākaua, John Stevens, Liliʻuokalani and the Bayonet Constitution, Lorrin Thurston, Sanford Dole Arguments for and Against the Overthrow: monarchy v. democracy, naval base, sovereignty, sugar profits Effects of the Overthrow Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze the political issues that emerged from the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy Political Effects: Provisional Government, Republic of Hawaiʻi, Wilcox rebellion, Territorial government, failed annexation treaties (1893, 1897), Hui Aloha Aina petitions, Newlands Joint Resolution of Congress (1898) Annexation Content Standard SS.MHH Assess the argument over the legality of the annexation of Hawaiʻi Legality of Annexation: Reciprocity Treaty, Hawaiian Organic Act, Spanish-American War, Hawaiʻi as strategic military outpost Illegality of Annexation: 1897 petition against annexation, Blount Report, international law, lack of annexation treaty, land ceded from Republic to U.S., presidential apology for the overthrow Anchor Standard 18 Perspectives Perspectives on Overthrow and Annexation Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze multiple perspectives on the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and annexation Perspectives: Asian immigrant workers, international response, Native Hawaiian resistance, oligarchy (Dole, Thurston), U.S. responses (e.g., political, economic)

4 Theme 2 Late 19th and 20th Century Plantation System How did local identity emerge? Were the benefits of the sugar industry worth the environmental cost? Geography Anchor Standard 15 Human Population: Spatial Patterns and Movements Social Effects of Post- Overthrow Immigration Content Standard SS.MHH Compare the causes and effects of migration to and from Hawaiʻi before and after the overthrow Causes: lack of local labor source, Native Hawaiian depopulation, push and pull factors, Reciprocity Treaty Effects: demographic shift, ethnic tension, local identity, public and private schools Economics Anchor Standard 10 Exchange and Markets Organized Labor Content Standard SS.MHH Explain the development of organized labor on plantations Causes of Labor Organization: pay inequalities, Perquisite System, poor working conditions Organized Labor Activity: enactment of labor relations laws, move from ethnic labor organizations to interracial organizing Geography Anchor Standard 14 Human-Environment Interaction: Place, Regions and Culture Environmental Effects of the Plantation System Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze environmental changes that resulted from the plantation system Environmental Changes: air and water pollution, decline in native habitat, increased cultivation, use of pesticides and other chemicals, water disputes

5 Theme 3 World War II and Democratic Revolution Is criticism disloyal? Is a balance of political power necessary for good government? Geography Anchor Standard 16 Global Interconnections: Changing Spatial Patterns Hawaiʻi s Geopolitical Position Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze Hawaiʻi s position in the geopolitics surrounding the bombing of Pearl Harbor Geographical Location: base of the Pacific fleet, strategic port in the Pacific Reasons Hawaiʻi Targeted: intent to cripple American fleet, last line of defense against Japan and the Axis Powers, southern resource area, undermining American morale Local Effects of Pearl Harbor Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze the local sociopolitical effects of the bombing of Pearl Harbor Sociopolitical Effects: 100th/442nd, increase in G.I. population during wartime, Japanese American internment, martial law Anchor Standard 17 Change, Continuity, and Context Political Effects of WWII in Hawaiʻi Content Standard SS.MHH Compare and contrast the internment of Japanese Americans on the West Coast with those in Hawaiʻi Compare and Contrast: 442 nd, criteria for internment, economic impact (individual and community), Honouliuli, Kilauea Military Camp, Korematsu v. U.S., Manzanar, percentage of Japanese interned, Topaz War Relocation Center, treatment by non-japanese, Tule Lake, wartime restrictions Democratic Revolution Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze the causes and effects of the Democratic Revolution of 1954 Causes: alliances between labor unions and veterans, Communist scare, Nisei voters, sugar and dock strikes Effects: Democratic Party predominance, statehood

6 Theme 4 Contemporary Issues What will be the next primary industry in Hawaiʻi? How can Hawaiʻi secure a better future? Economics Anchor Standard 9 Economic Decision Making Contemporary Socioeconomic Changes Content Standard SS.MHH Determine the socioeconomic effects of the decline of agriculture, growth of the tourism industry, and continued military presence Socioeconomic Effects of Decline of Agriculture: global competition, increased costs, increased land values for urban development Socioeconomic Effects of Tourism: changing demographics, diversification of tourism industry, dominance of service sector jobs Socioeconomic Effects of Military: civilian employment, military spending The Hawaiian Renaissance Content Standard SS.MHH Analyze the causes and sociopolitical impact of the Hawaiian Renaissance Causes: land development, loss of cultural identity Sociopolitical Impact: 1978 State Constitutional amendments, resurgence of Hawaiian identity, sovereignty movement